Principles of Heat Transfer

Citation

Kreith, F., & Manglik, R. M. (2018). Principles of Heat Transfer (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Chapter Summary

The eighth edition has eleven chapters and five appendices (the international system of units, data tables, tridiagonal matrix computer programs, commercial computer codes for heat transfer, and heat transfer literature), in 784 pages. Each chapter opens with a list headed "Concepts and Analyses to Be Learned" and ends with a summary, references and problems. Cengage says the book follows the recommendations of the ASME Committee on Heat Transfer Education and takes a comprehensive engineering approach in which computational analysis is combined with an analytic approach that clarifies the physics.

Chapter 1: Basic Modes of Heat Transfer

Relates heat transfer to thermodynamics, then covers dimensions and units, and introduces heat conduction, convection and radiation. It closes with combined heat transfer systems, thermal insulation and the role of the law of energy conservation.

Chapter 2: Steady Heat Conduction

Introduces the conduction equation and applies it to steady conduction in simple geometries, then to extended surfaces (fins) and to multidimensional steady conduction.

Chapter 3: Transient Heat Conduction

Treats systems with negligible internal resistance, systems with spatial temperature distribution, the semi-infinite solid and multidimensional systems.

Chapter 4: Numerical Analysis of Heat Conduction

Develops numerical methods for one-dimensional steady and unsteady conduction, then two-dimensional steady and unsteady conduction, cylindrical coordinates and irregular boundaries.

Chapter 5: Analysis of Convection Heat Transfer

The theoretical chapter on convection: boundary layer fundamentals, the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy for laminar flow over a flat plate, dimensionless equations and similarity parameters, dimensional analysis, analytic and approximate integral solutions for the laminar boundary layer, turbulent flow over a flat surface, and special boundary conditions and high-speed flow.

Chapters 6–8: Forced Convection over Exterior Surfaces; Forced Convection Inside Tubes and Ducts; Natural Convection

Chapter 6 covers flow over bluff bodies, cylinders and spheres, tube bundles in cross-flow including finned bundles, packed beds and free jets. Chapter 7 covers laminar forced convection in a long tube, correlations for laminar and turbulent flow, the analogy between heat and momentum transfer, and heat transfer enhancement and electronic-device cooling. Chapter 8 covers similarity parameters for natural convection, empirical correlations for various shapes, finned surfaces, rotating cylinders, disks and spheres, and combined forced and natural convection.

Chapters 9–10: Heat Transfer with Phase Change; Heat Exchangers

Chapter 9 covers boiling (pool and forced-convection boiling), condensation, condenser design, heat pipes, and freezing and melting. Chapter 10 covers types of heat exchangers, the overall heat transfer coefficient, the log mean temperature difference, effectiveness, heat transfer enhancement and microscale heat exchangers.

Chapter 11: Heat Transfer by Radiation

Thermal radiation, radiation heat flux, blackbody radiation and radiation properties; solar radiation and global warming; the radiation shape factor; enclosures with black, gray and nongray surfaces; radiation combined with convection and conduction; and radiation properties of gases and vapors.

Key Concepts

Chapters 1–4: Modes of Heat Transfer and Conduction

• Heat conduction, convection and radiation: the three basic modes, introduced together in Chapter 1.
• Extended surfaces (fins): surfaces added to increase heat transfer, treated in the steady conduction chapter.
• Negligible internal resistance: the lumped treatment of transient conduction, contrasted with systems with spatial temperature distribution.
• Numerical analysis: numerical solution of conduction problems, such as by finite differences; an appendix provides tridiagonal matrix programs.

Chapters 5–8: Convection

• Boundary layer: the thin region next to a surface where convective transfer is determined.
• Similarity parameters: dimensionless groups used to organize convection results.
• Analogy between heat and momentum transfer: a link used for turbulent forced convection in tubes.
• Natural convection and combined convection: buoyancy-driven flow and its combination with forced flow.

Chapters 9–11: Phase Change, Heat Exchangers and Radiation

• Boiling and condensation: heat transfer with phase change, with condenser design and heat pipes.
• Log mean temperature difference and effectiveness: the two main methods for analysing heat exchangers.
• Radiation shape factor: the geometric factor for radiative exchange between surfaces.
• Gray and nongray enclosures: models of radiative exchange inside enclosures.

Critical Analysis

Strengths

• A clear layout for each chapter. Every chapter begins with a statement of the concepts and analyses to be learned and ends with a summary, references and problems, which helps self-study and course planning.
• Convection built in two steps. Chapter 5 develops the boundary-layer theory and similarity, and Chapters 6 to 8 then supply correlations for external, internal and natural convection. Students see the analysis before the empirical formulas.
• Design-oriented coverage. Cengage describes the book's emphasis on applications to current engineering challenges in renewable energy, bioengineering, microelectronics, materials processing and space exploration, and the contents include electronic-device cooling, heat pipes, condenser design and microscale heat exchangers.
• Computation is part of the book. Numerical analysis has its own chapter, and appendices supply tridiagonal matrix programs and a survey of commercial computer codes for heat transfer.
• Problem-solving method. The publisher says the authors use open-ended problems like those faced by practicing engineers and recommend restating a problem in one's own words and sketching known and unknown variables.

Limitations

• No mass transfer. The eleven chapters cover heat transfer only. Students who need mass transfer require a text with a mass-transfer chapter, such as Çengel and Ghajar or Lienhard.
• Convection theory is concentrated in one chapter. Chapter 5 covers the boundary-layer equations, similarity, dimensional analysis and integral methods in a single chapter, which may be a steep step for students new to the subject before they reach the correlation chapters.
• Edition details differ by source. Cengage lists copyright 2018, while Google Books dates the eighth edition to October 2016; ISBN 9781337535366 is the eBook, and the print edition has another ISBN.

Where It Fits in the Course

Kreith and Manglik is a main text for a first heat transfer course. Çengel and Ghajar's Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications is the closest alternative: its sixth edition has 14 printed chapters plus three online chapters, adds mass transfer, and describes a physics-first approach that de-emphasizes mathematics, while Kreith and Manglik is more compact at eleven chapters and gives convection a theoretical chapter. Lienhard's A Heat Transfer Textbook is an introductory alternative that also covers mass transfer and whose sixth edition is free to download, and Nellis and Klein's Introduction to Engineering Heat Transfer combines derivations with computational tools such as EES and MATLAB.

Bergman, Lavine, Incropera and DeWitt's Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer is a more rigorous engineering text with analysis and design problems. Ghiaasiaan's Convective Heat and Mass Transfer is a graduate-level treatment of convection that follows a course based on any of these books.

How to Use This Book

The book is for mechanical, chemical and aerospace engineering students taking a first heat transfer course and for practicing engineers who need standard correlations. Cengage lists no prerequisites; students will want calculus, differential equations and introductory thermodynamics, with fluid mechanics useful for the convection chapters.

• Core: Chapters 1–3 (modes, steady and transient conduction), 6–8 (forced and natural convection correlations), 10 (heat exchangers) and 11 (radiation).
• Theory and computation: Chapter 4 on numerical analysis of conduction and Chapter 5 on convection analysis are the most mathematical chapters; take them if the course includes numerical methods or boundary-layer analysis.
• Optional: Chapter 9 on boiling, condensation and heat pipes can follow once convection is secure.

Begin each chapter with its "Concepts and Analyses to Be Learned" list, restate each problem in your own words with a schematic, and keep the data tables of Appendix 2 at hand.